Dates relating to bible story

The Hebrew Exodus was in 1495 B.C.E./B.C.

http://www.danielpipes.org/comments/195173

Reader comment on item: American Intifada
in response to reader comment: So when was the Israelite exodus from Egypt?

Submitted by Lujack Skylark (United States), Apr 18, 2012 at 19:45

The Hebrew Exodus was in 1495 B.C.E./B.C. Solomon's real reign was 1019-979 B.C. (1Kings 11:42) & (1 Kings 6:1) 1015 B.C. + 480 years = 1495 B.C. the Exodus 480 yrs. from Solomon's 4th year.
Rehoboam reign 979-962 B.C. (1 Kings 14:21) Abijam 962-959 B.C. (1 Kings 15:2) Asa 959-918 B.C. (1 Kings 15:10) Jehoshaphat 918-893 B.C. (1 Kings 22:42) Jehoram 893-885 B.C (2 Kings 8:17) Ahaziah 885-884 B.C. (2 Kings 8:26) Athaliah 884-878 B.C. (2 Kings 11:1-3) Jehoash 878-838 B.C. (2 KIngs 12:1) Amaziah 838-809 B.C. (2 Kings 14:2) Uzziah 809-757 B.C. (2 Kings 15:2)
Jotham 757-741 B.C. (2 Kings 15:33) Ahaz 741-725 B.C. (2 Kings 16:2) Hezekiah 725-696 B.C. (2 Kings 18:2) Manasseh 696-641 B.C. (2 Kings 21:1) Amon 641-639 B.C. (2 KIngs 21:19) Josiah 639-608 B.C. (2 Kings 22:1) Jehoahaz 608 B.C. (2 Kings 23:31) Jehoiakim 608-597 B.C. (2 Kings 23:36) Jehoiachin 597 B.C. (2 Kings 24:8) & Zedekiah 597-586 B.C. (2 Kings 24:18) The vast majority of historians state Solomon's temple was destroyed in 586 B.C.
Egyptian chronology Thutmose III does not die in 1434 B.C. The Exodus king dies in 1495 B.C. some 521 years before Rehoboam's 5th year in 974 B.C. (1 Kings 14:25) Shishak dies in Rehoboam's 5th year 974 B.C. a few months after attacking Jerusalem.
Reign of Egyptian kings given in solo years. Example Amenhotep II is listed as 26 years. He reigns 24 years solo.
Amenhotep II 1495-1471 B.C. Thutmose IV 1471-1462 B.C. Amenhotep III 1462-1424 B.C. Akenaton 1424-1407 B.C. Semenkare 1407-1406 B.C. Tut 1406-1396 B.C. Ay 1396-1392 B.C. Horemheb 1392-1361 B.C. Ramses I 1361-1360 B.C. Seti I 1360-1347 B.C. Ramses II 1347-1280 B.C. Merneptah I 1280-1268 B.C. Amenmesses 1268-1263 B.C. Seti II 1263-1258 B.C. Merneptah II 1258-1251 B.C. Tausert 1251-1249 B.C. Irsu 1249-1247 B.C. Setnakht 1247-1245 B.C. Ramses III 1245-1213 B.C.
Ramses IV 1213-1207 B.C. Ramses V 1207-1203 B.C. Ramses VI 1203-1193 B.C. Ramses VII 1193-1192 B.C. Ramses VIII 1192-1185 B.C. Ramses IX 1185-1166 B.C. Ramses X 1166-1157 B.C. Ramses XI 1157-1130 B.C. Smendes 1130-1103 B.C. Neferkhres 1103-1099 B.C. Psusennes I 1099-1049 B.C. Amenmope 1049-1040 B.C. Osokhor 1040-1034 B.C. Siamon 1034-1014 B.C. Psusennes II 1014-995 B.C. & Shishak 995-974 B.C.
The Egyptian chronology from the Exodus to Rehoboam's 5th year (1 Kings 14:25) is a perfect match! The pharoah before Amenhotep II was Thutmose III the Exodus pharaoh.
How the Book of Judges fits into 1 Kings 6:1 480 years from Exodus to Solomon's 4th year.
If we say in the 8th year of Othniel reign as judge Cushan-Rishathaim is defeated and the 18th year Ehud was judge Moab was defeated we are on our way to match Judges with 1 KIngs 6:1)
1495 B.C. was the Exodus. 1455 B.C. Joshua invades Canaan. 1418-1378 B.C. Othniel reigns as judge. Othniel defeats Cushan-Rishathaim in his eighth year of reign in 1410 B.C. 1378-1298 B.C. Ehud reigns as judge. Ehud's 18th year he slays Moabite king Eglon. 1298-1258 B.C. Deborah & Barak reign as judges over Israel. Deborah and Barak's 20th year 1278 B.C. they defeat the Canaanite Jabin. 1258-1218 B.C. Gideon reigns as judge. Gideon's 7th year 1251 B.C. Gideon defeats the children of the East-the Syrians. 1251-1249 B.C. Egyptian queen Tausert has an affair with her Syrian butler named Bay.
1218-1215 B.C. Abimelech slays his 70 half brothers declaring himself an Israeli king. 1245-1213 B.C. Ramses III at the end of his reign is nearly slain by members in his harem. Power plays in Israel and Egypt.. 1215-1192 B.C. judge Tola reigns. 1192-1170 B.C. Judge Jair reigns. 1170-1152 B.C. Ammon oppresses Israel. Who are the Israel judges during this oppression? 1170-1163 B.C. Judge Ibson 1163-1153 B.C. Elon reigned as judge. 1153-1147 B.C. Jephthah reigned as judge defeating Ammon in 1152 B.C. some 300 years while Israel 1452-1152 B.C. lived in Heshbon and her towns, Aroer and her towns and along the coasts of Arnon. Judges 11:26
1147-1139 B.C. Abdon reigns as judge. 1139-1099 B.C. Philistine oppression. Who reigns as judge? 1139-1119 B.C. Samson reigns as judge. 1119-1099 B.C. The Ark of the Covenant is taken to Kirjath-jearim where it rested for 20 years. (1 Samuel 7:2)
1099-1059 B.C. Saul reigns as king of Israel 1059-1019 B.C. David reigns as king of Israel 1019-979 B.C. Solomon reigns as king of Israel. Solomon's 4th year is 1015 B.C. some 480 years after the Exodus.
We have the updated chronology from the Exodus to Solomon's temple destruction with no missing links. We also have the pharoah of the Exodus to Shishak with no missing links! Bible chronology is a perfect match with Egyptian history!

The Family of Abraham

The Family of Abraham
by Felix Just, S.J., Ph.D. http://catholic-resources.org/Bible/History-Abraham.htm

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Various biblical passages describe the complex inter-relationships in the family of Abraham (originally named Abram). Contrary to modern Western customs, it was acceptable in ancient times to marry close family relatives, including cousins and nieces. It was evidently also common for men to have more than one wife, and even to have children with women who were not their wives (slaves or concubines). For example, Abraham's first son was the child of his wife's slave-girl; and one biblical tradition even says that his wife, Sarah, was actually his half-sister. Similarly, the twelve sons of Jacob have four different mothers: the two wives of Jacob (who are his first cousins) and two other women (slave-girls of his wives).
A prominent feature of the biblical texts is also the explanation of tribal origins through various genealogies. Thus, the Israelites (the twelve tribes of Israel) see themselves as the descendants of the twelve sons of Jacob, son of Isaac, son of Abraham. In contrast, groups like the Ishmaelites and Edomites (to the south and southeast of the Israelites) are said to be descendants of Abraham's other children and grandchildren, while the neighboring Moabites and Ammonites (west of Israel) are described as descendants of Lot, Abraham's nephew.
Another important aspect of the biblical stories is what could be called family rivalries and disputes, esp. when younger sons usurp the inheritance rights of their older brothers. Thus, Abraham's inheritance is passed on to Isaac (not the first-born Ishmael), and then to Jacob (not his elder brother Esau).
Combining all the above points helps to explain both the close relationships and the bitter rivalries between the ancient Israelites and the neighboring Semitic peoples. The Israelites (and modern Jews!) believe that the promises God made to Abraham (esp. that his descendants shall possess the Promised Land forever) were legitimately handed on to them through Isaac and Jacob (as described in the Bible), while the descendants of the other tribes (and modern Arabs!) believe that the land should belong to them, since they are descendants of the elder sons (and thus the rightful heirs) of Abraham.
The following charts can help us visualize some of these complex relationships:

Click here for a PDF version of this chart

NOTES: (unless otherwise noted, all biblical references are from the Book of Genesis)

• Terah: from Ur of the Chaldeans; has three sons; wife not named (11:26-32; cf. Luke 3:34).
• Haran: dies in Ur before his father dies; wife not named; son Lot, daughters Milcah & Iscah (11:27-28).
• Nahor: marries Milcah, daughter of his brother Haran (11:29); have eight sons, incl. Bethuel (22:20-24).
• Abram: main character of Gen 12–25; recipient of God's promises; name changed to ABRAHAM (17:5); sons Ishmael (by Hagar) and Isaac (by Sarah); after Sarah's death, takes another wife,Keturah, who has six sons (25:1-4), including Midian, ancestor of the Midianites (37:28-36).
• Lot: son of Haran, thus nephew of Abram, who takes care of him (11:27–14:16; 18:17–19:29); wife and two daughters never named; widowed daughters sleep with their father and bear sons, who become ancestors of the Moabites and Ammonites (19:30-38).
   
• Sarai: Abram's wife, thus Terah's daughter-in-law (11:29-31); Abram also calls her his "sister," which seems deceptive in one story (12:10-20); but in another story Abram insists she really is his half-sister (his father's daughter by another wife; 20:1-18); originally childless, but in old age has a son, Isaac (16:1–21:7); name changed to SARAH (17:15); dies and is buried in Hebron (23:1-20).
• Hagar: Sarah's Egyptian slave-girl; mother of Abram's first son, Ishmael; much conflict with Sarah after his birth; even more after the birth of Sarah's son, Isaac (16:1–21:21).
• Ishmael: first-born son of Abraham, by Hagar (16:1–17:27); wife or wives never named, but has 12 sons (25:12-16), the ancestors of 12 tribes of Ishmaelites (37:25-28). - see below
• Isaac: second son of Abraham, by wife Sarah, despite her old age (17:15-21; 21:1–35:29); marries Rebekah, who has twin sons, Esau & Jacob.
   
• Betheul: youngest son of Nahor & Milcah; wife unnamed; father of Rebekah (22:23) and Laban (24:29).
• Rebekah: daughter of Bethuel (22:23); becomes wife of Isaac (24:15–25:20); favors their younger son.
• Laban: son of Bethuel, brother of Rebekah; has extensive interactions with Jacob (24:29–31:55).
• Esau: elder twin son of Isaac & Rebekah (25:25); names of wives differ in two traditions (26:34 & 28:9 vs. 36:2-3); one is a daughter of Ishmael; his sons are ancestors of the Edomites (36:1-43).
• Jacob: younger twin son of Isaac & Rebekah (25:26); conflicts with Esau (25:27–27:46); marries Leah and Rachel, daughters of his uncle Laban (27:43–29:30); name changed to ISRAEL (32:28); has12 sons (with two wives + two slave-girls), ancestors of the Israelites or "12 Tribes of Israel" (29:31–49:33). - see below
   
• Curiosity about the ages of the Patriarchs:
  • Abraham lived 175 years (Gen 25:7), which equals 7 x 5²
  • Isaac lived 180 years (Gen 35:28), which equals 5 x 6²
  • Jacob lived 147 years (Gen 47:28), which equals 3 x 7²

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The Bible says very little else about the "Twelve Tribes of Ismaelites" aside from naming the twelve sons of Ishmael in Gen 25:12-16 and again in 1 Chron 1:29-31.

• Gen 25:12-16 – "These are the descendants of Ishmael, Abraham's son, whom Hagar the Egyptian, Sarah's slave-girl, bore to Abraham./ These are the names of the sons of Ishmael, named in the order of their birth: Nebaioth, the firstborn of Ishmael; and Kedar, Adbeel, Mibsam, / Mishma, Dumah, Massa, / Hadad, Tema, Jetur, Naphish, and Kedemah. / These are the sons of Ishmael and these are their names, by their villages and by their encampments, twelve princes according to their tribes."
• 1 Chron 1:29-31 – "These are their genealogies: the firstborn of Ishmael, Nebaioth; and Kedar, Adbeel, Mibsam, / Mishma, Dumah, Massa, Hadad, Tema, / Jetur, Naphish, and Kedemah. These are the sons of Ishmael."
  • Adbeel, Massa, Kedemah - not mentioned anywhere else in the Bible
  • Mibsam & Mishma - not mentioned elsewhere, but different people with the same name appear in 1 Chron 4:25-26
  • Hadad - not mentioned elsewhere, but several other biblical characters are named Hadad, Ben-Hadad, Hadadezer, etc.
• Other biblical references to some of the sons of Ishmael (aside from Gen 25:12-16 and 1 Chr 1:29-31)
  • Nebaioth - also in Gen 28:9; 36:3; Isa 60:7
  • Kedar - also in Ps 120:5; Prov 21:4; Songs 1; Isa 21:16; 21:17; 42:11; 60:7; Jer 2:10; 49:28; Ezek 27:21
  • Dumah - also in Josh 15:52; Isa 21:11
  • Tema - also in Job 6:19; Isa 21:14; Jer 25:23
  • Jetur & Naphish - also in 1 Chron 5:19

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The Hebrew Bible describes the "Twelve Tribes of Israel" as descendants of the twelve sons of Jacob (also named Israel), with four different mothers. The births of the twelve sons (and the significance of their names) are described in chronological order in the book of Genesis (29:31–30:24 & 35:16-20). The Bible contains several different listings of the twelve tribes. Each tribe has its own characteristics and eventually obtains its own territory:

• Reuben is the first-born son, and thus sometimes exercises a leadership role among his brothers; but he later loses favor and prominence.
• The tribe of Joseph (through his sons Manasseh and Ephraim) becomes the largest and most prominent by the time the Israelites enter the Promised Land and divide it among themselves.
• The tribe of Levi is uniquely important, not only because of Moses and Aaron, but since they become the priestly tribe (all the sons of Levi are priests, while members of any other tribe cannot be priests). The Levites do not receive a separate territory of their own, but rather live scattered among all the other tribes, where they serve as priests for the whole people.
• Although the first king of Israel (Saul) is from the tribe of Benjamin, the tribe of Judah becomes known as the royal tribe, due to the promise God makes to King David that his descendants will rule over Israel forever (2 Sam 7).

Click here for a PDF version of this chart (on page 2)

Notes:

• Jacob's twelve sons are first mentioned in the order of their births, in Genesis 29:31–30:24 & 35:16-20.
  • Leah (elder wife): 1) Reuben, 2) Simeon, 3) Levi, 4) Judah; later also 9) Issachar, 10) Zebulun
  • Bilhah (Rachel's slave): 5) Dan, 6) Naphtali
  • Zilpah (Leah's slave): 7) Gad, 8) Asher
  • Rachel (younger wife): 11) Joseph, 12) Benjamin
• Manasseh & Ephraim – sons of Joseph, whose descendants figure prominently in the later history of Israel
• Moses and Aaron – leaders of the Israelites at the time of their migration out of Egypt and wandering in the Sinai desert
• Kings David & Solomon – the two greatest rulers of the united Kingdom of Israel, from about 1100 to 930 BCE
• Tribe of Levi – becomes known as the “priestly tribe,” since all cultic & temple officials had to belong to this tribe
• Tribe of Judah – becomes known as the “royal tribe,” since all later Kings of Judah were descendants of King David

See also my Overview of Israelite and Jewish History

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Connection of Judges to Historical figure: Aramean King Cushan Rishathaim of Mesopotamia

http://www.aramnahrin.org/English/Aramnaharaim.htm

Aram-Nahrin........Aram-Naharaim............Mesopotamia

Aramaic:	Aram-Nahrin (or: Aramnahrin)Beth Aramaye or Beth- Oromoye (= Home/house of Arameans)
Hebrew:	Aram-Naharaim
Greek:	Mesopotamia

In the ancient times it was called,, Aramnahrin" (or: Aram-Nahrin) in Aramaic. In Hebrew it was called,, Aram-Naharaim" which we encounter in the old testament. When the old testament was translated into Greek, the term Aram-Naharaim was translated by Mesopotamia; which many get familiarized with during their education.

Because of overwhelming presence of Arameans in this part of the world, in the era of early Christianity, it was called Beth-Aramaya, meaning (in Aramaic) the house of the Arameans. The northern part of Aram-Naharaim was called Paddan-Aram, meaning the land of Aram where Biblical figures like Abraham and Jacob have lived and walked, which is roughly speaking situated in southeastern Turkey. A part of Paddan-Aram is today called Tur Abdin in the Aramaic (Syriac) language, which means “the mountains of the servants of the Lord”, because of the overwhelming presence of monasteries and churches.

West- Arameans, East- Arameans

The Aramean nation was at beginning of early Christianity geographically divided into East- Arameans and West- Arameans.

The river the Euphrates in general served as the border. Thus those living east of Euphrates, roughly speaking Iran, were called East- Arameans. And those living at the West of Euphrates were called West- Arameans. The East- Arameans, also called Nestorians, in general were volatile and as has been explained numerous groups emanated from them.

More about this: http://www.aramnahrin.org/English/iraqichristians.htm

Beth- Aramaye or Beth- Ormoye

Beth- Aramye: Eastern (Aramaic) Syriac dialect

Beth- Oromoye: Western (Aramaic) Syriac dialect.

This term is used by quite number of famouse scholars of both, the West- Syrian as well as the east- Syrian Church

East- Syrian Church: Simon Bar Sabbae (2^nd Catholicos of Seleucia- Ktiphon); Catholicos- Patriarch Elias (I) of Tirhan (= Terehan) (1028-1049); Mor Touma Audo, born in Alqosh [Iraq] in 1855 and killed in the year of 1917; Ya‘qob Avgin (= Eugene) Manna (1867-1928) born in Bet Qopa [Iraq];

West- Syrian Church: Saint James of Sarug (Sürüç, Turkey, †512); Simeon of Beth Arsham; The Anonymous of Zuqnin, Syrian-Orthodox (West-Aramean) Patriarch St. Michael the Great of Militene;

http://www.aramnahrin.org/English/Testimonies_Historians.htm

Old Testament:

1 Chronicle 19:6 “ King Hanun and the Ammonites realized that they had made David their enemy, so they paid nearly forty tons of silver to hire chariots and charioteers from Upper Mesopotamia (= Aram-Naharaim) and from the Aramean states of Maacah and Zobah.

Deuteronomy 23:4 “ They refused to provide you with food and water when you were on your way out of Egypt, and they hired Balaam son of Beor, from the city of Pethor in Mesopotamia (= Aram-Naharaim), to curse you. .

Genesis 24:10,,  The servant, who was in charge of Abraham's property, took ten of his master's camels and went to the city where Nahor had lived in northern Mesopotamia (= Aram-Naharaim).

Acts 2:9,,  We are from Parthia, Media, and Elam; from Mesopotamia (=Aram-Naharaim), Judea, and Cappadocia; from Pontus and Asia, ,

Psalm 60:2,, For the choir director; according to shushan eduth; a miktam by David; for teaching. When David fought Mesopotamia (= Aram Naharaim) and Aram Zobah, and when Joab came back and killed 12,000 men from Edom in the Dead Sea region. O God, you have rejected us. You have broken down our defenses. You have been angry. Restore us

Judges 3:8,,  So the LORD became angry with Israel and let King Cushan Rishathaim of Mesopotamia (= Aram-naharaim) conquer them. They were subject to him for eight years. .

http://www.aramnahrin.org/English/Aramnaharaim.htm